Karakterizacija poliamidnih reverzno osmotskih membrana

undergraduate thesis

• Title (english): Characterization of polyamide reverse osmosis membranes
• Author: Evelina Mustapić
• Mentor: Davor Dolar (mentor)
• Committee member: Davor Dolar (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Jelena Macan (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Mirela Leskovac (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2015-07-16, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: TECHNICAL SCIENCES; Chemical Engineering; Mechanical, Thermal and Separation Processes

Abstract

Porastom svjetske populacije te razvojem industrije javlja se potražnja za čistom, pitkom vodom. Budući da je rast broja stanovnika doveo do nestašice resursa pitke vode što je rezultiralo većom njezinom cijenom, poboljšanje učinkovitosti troškova obrade vode je postao glavni izazov za budućnost. Prema nekim procjenama na zemlji ima oko 1,4·10^9 km3 vode, od čega 97 % otpada na morsku vodu. Upravo taj resurs se danas koristi u membranskim procesima za desalinizaciju vode te je ključan za daljni razvoj i napredak membranske tehnologije. Uvođenjem membranskih procesa ostvaren je najveći napredak u dobivanju pitke vode.
Cilj ovog istraživanja je karakterizacija površinski aktivnog sloja pet komercijalno raspoloživih poliamidnih reverzno osmotskih (RO) membrana jer membrane imaju ključnu ulogu u membranskim procesima te određuju tehnološku i ekonomsku efikasnost tih procesa. Poboljšanje membrana može uvelike utjecati na sam rad procesa, upravo o izboru materijala i karakterizaciji membrana ovisi koji će se membranski procesi koristiti za tretman vode.
Rezultati karakterizacije ispitivanih RO membrana potvrdili su da je riječ o tipičnim RO membranama. Prvo, dobivene su male razlike između uklanjanja NaCl i CaCl2 za sve membrane. Parametri hrapavosti (Ra > 38 nm i Rq > 49 nm) pokazuju velike vrijednosti što govori o velikoj hrapavosti površinski aktivnog sloja membrana. Dobiveni rezultati potvrđeni su i pretražnom elektronskom mikroskopskom analizom (SEM). Naboj membrane, definiran zeta potencijalom, pokazuje da su membrane jače negativnije nabijene s povećanjem pH vrijednosti. Ramanova i FTIR strukturna analiza također je pokazala tipična svojstva RO membrana.

Abstract (english)

With an increasing world population and the development of industry, there is more of a demand for clean drinking water. Since population growth has led to a shortage of drinking water resources resulting in its greater cost, improved efficiency in the cost of processing water has become a major challenge for the future. According to some estimates, the Earth has about 1.4·10^9 km3 of water, of which 97% is sea water. This resource is now used in membrane processes for the desalination of water and is essential for the further development and advancement of membrane technology. The introduction of membrane processes achieved the greatest progress in obtaining drinking water.
The aim of this study is characterization of the active layer (skin) of five commercially available polyamide reverse osmosis (RO) membranes because the membrane play a crucial role in membrane processes and determine the technological and economic efficiency of these processes. Improving membrane can greatly affect performance of the process, including both the choice of materials and characterization of membranes.
Results of characterization of used RO membranes have confirmed that these are typical RO membranes. First, small differences between the removal of NaCl and CaCl2 for all membranes were obtained. High values of roughness (Ra>38 nm i Rq>49 nm) indicated high roughness of the skin. The results have been confirmed by SEM analysis. The charge of the membrane, defined by the zeta potential, showed that it becomes more negatively charged with increasing pH. Raman and FTIR structural analysis also showed characteristics typical for RO membranes.

• Keywords: reverzna osmoza; membrane; karakterizacija; površinski aktivni sloj; poliamid
• Keywords (english): reverse osmosis; membranes; characterization; skin; polyamide
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:149:746961
• Study programme: Title: Applied Chemistry - Undergraduate study; specializations in: Environmental chemistry and green technologies, Advanced materials and technologies, Applied organic chemistry; Course: Environmental chemistry and green technologies; Study programme type: university; Study level: undergraduate; Academic / professional title: sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) primijenjene kemije (sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) primijenjene kemije)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Repository: Repository of Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology University of Zagreb
• Created on: 2016-09-19 13:07:20