Dobrobiti i rizici primjene oralne hormonske kontracepcije

master's thesis

• Title (english): Benefits and risks of oral hormonal contraception
• Author: Eva Mandić
• Mentor: Marina Šprem Goldštajn (mentor)
• Committee member: Miro Kasum (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Dinka Pavičić-Baldani (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Marina Šprem Goldštajn (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; School of Medicine; (Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2016-07-15, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE; Clinical Medical Sciences; Gynecology and Obstetrics

Abstract

Oralna hormonska kontracepcija (OHK) više je od 50 godina u upotrebi i danas se
smatra najpouzdanijom reverzibilnom kontracepcijskom metodom. Osigurava učinkovitu zaštitu od trudnoće te svojim kontracepcijskim djelovanjem zauzima centralnu ulogu u kontroli plodnosti i planiranju obitelji. Visoka učinkovitost, jednostavnost primjene, reverzibilno djelovanje i financijska prihvatljivost čine OHK rješenjem prvog izbora za niz rizičnih čimbenika koji ugrožavaju zdravlje žena i djece diljem svijeta.
Nekontracepcijske dobrobiti OHK doprinose očuvanju reproduktivnog zdravlja žene. Izgleda da OHK smanjuje incidenciju raka ovarija, endometrija i debelog crijeva. Također reducira incidenciju izvanmaterničnih trudnoća, funkcionalnih cista jajnika, zdjelične upalne bolesti, benignih bolesti dojke te osteoporoze. Terapijski učinci OHK očituju se u regulaciji menstruacijskog ciklusa te povoljnim učincima na endometriozu, miome, hiperandrogenizam i sindrom policističnih jajnika. Smatra se da oko 20% korisnica koristi OHK primarno kao terapijsku opciju, ali korištenje oralne kontracepcije kao lijeka često je usporedno s kontracepcijskim potrebama.
Danas su dobro znani i opisani rizici i neželjeni učinci korištenja OHK. Česte nuspojave su obično samolimitirajuće i nestaju unutar tri mjeseca. Za kliničku praksu su najvažniji kardiovaskularni i neoplastični rizici. Kardiovaskularni se rizici manifestiraju kroz povećanu incidenciju arterijskih i venskih tromboza. Neka istraživanja upućuju na povećani rizik za obolijevanje od raka dojke i raka cerviksa pri korištenju OHK, međutim rezultati su kontradiktorni te to područje treba bolje istražiti.
Ipak, čini se da dobrobiti primjene OHK daleko nadmašuju rizike. Štoviše, postoje naznake da OHK može blago utjecati na produljenje životnog vijeka.

Abstract (english)

Oral hormonal contraception (OHC) has been in use for over 50 years and
today it is considered the most reliable reversible contraceptive method. It ensures efficient pregnancy protection and its contraceptive effects have the central role in fertility control and family planning. High efficiency, simple use, reversible activity and financial acceptance make OHC the first choice solution for multiple factors which are endangering the health of women and children worldwide.
Non-contraceptive benefits of OHC contribute to preservation of women's reproductive health. It seems that OHC reduces incidence of ovarian, endometrial and colorectal cancer. Also, it reduces incidence of ectopic pregnancies, functional ovarian cysts, pelvic inflammatory disease, benign breast diseases and osteoporosis. Therapeutic effects of OHC are regulation of menstrual cycle, endometriosis , myomas, hyperandrogenism and polycystic ovary syndrome. Approximately 20% of users are considered to use OHC primarily as therapeutic option, but using OHC as medical tretment often comes along with contraceptive needs.
Risks and side effects of OHC are well known nowadays. Common side effects are usually self-limiting and last no longer than three months. The most important risks in clinical practice are cardiovascular and neoplastic. Cardiovascular risks are manifested through increased risk of arterial and venous thrombosis. Some studies indicate that using OHC increases the risk of breast and cervical cancer, but the results are contradictory and that topic requires further research.
However, it seems that benefits of using OHC outweight risks by far. Furthermore, there are indications that OHC could slightly increase life expectancy.

• Keywords: oralna hormonska kontracepcija; dobrobiti; rizici
• Keywords (english): oral hormonal contraception; benefits; risks
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:105:195661
• Study programme: Title: Medicine; Study programme type: university; Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate; Academic / professional title: doktor/doktorica medicine (doktor/doktorica medicine)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Repository: Dr Med - University of Zagreb School of Medicine Digital Repository
• Created on: 2017-08-18 08:55:59