Egzistencijalističko poimanje "drugosti" kod Simone de Beauvoir

master's thesis

• Title (english): The existentialist notion of "otherness" by Simone de Beauvoir
• Author: Martina Rukavina
• Mentor: Ankica Čakardić (mentor)
• Committee member: Luka Bogdanić (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Hrvoje Jurić (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences; (Department of Philosophy); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2021-09-23, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: HUMANISTIC SCIENCES; Philosophy; Social Philosophy

Abstract

U ovom radu izvest ćemo egzistencijalističku analizu kategorije „drugosti“ kako ju je koncipirala filozofkinja Simone de Beauvoir. Cilj rada je dati odgovor na pitanja zašto se žena svrstava u kategoriju „Druge” te koji su to točno povijesni, društveni i religijski faktori koji utemeljuju njezinu subjektnost. Budući da, kako ćemo to u radu demonstrirati, iz metafizičke pozicije pristup „ženskom pitanju“ nije validan, pokušat ćemo problematici pristupiti preko Hegelove dijalektičko-spekulativne metode, kako je to činila i de Beauvoir. Međutim, u potpunosti smo svjesni kako Hegelovo cijepanje običajnosnog supstancijaliteta ženu zatvara u porodicu i time apsolutizira biološke spolne razlike, izdižući ih na apstraktno-pravnu razinu. Upravo na tom tragu Blaženka Despot u svojoj iscrpnoj analizi Hegela otkriva probleme s kojima se susreću feminističke struje pri pokušajima prevladavanja Hegelove fenomenologije, ali i detektira slabe točke njegove filozofije u slijeđenju vlastite filozofske nauke. Simone de Beauvoir u dvotomnoj knjizi Drugi spol navodi brojne primjere koje možemo čitati kao „zamke“ u koje žena upada uslijed društvene uvjetovanosti vlastitog spola, ali i nepravde s kojima se susreće tijekom života isključivo iz razloga vlastite spolne određenosti. Judith Butler u raspravi Nevolje s rodom ističe nemogućnost aktualiziranja ženske emancipacije u danom društveno-političkom okviru jer političke strukture koje tvore ženski subjekt mu ujedno i određuju razvojni smjer. Na tom tragu, Jasenka Kordnja i Lino Veljak u svojim analizama problematiziraju privid univerzalnosti pojma čovjek i konzekvence koje iz njega slijede. Naposljetku, Simone de Beauvoir, oslanjajući se na egzistencijalistički pristup stvarnosti, nudi potencijalna rješenja za „ženski odmak“ od upisanosti u kategoriju „drugosti“.

Abstract (english)

In this paper, we will present an existentialist analysis of the category of “otherness" as it was stated by the philosopher Simone de Beauvoir. The aim of this paper is to answer why is a woman placed into the category of “otherness” and what exactly are the historical, social and religious factors that underlie her subjectivity. Since, as we will demonstrate in this paper, the philosophical approach of the "women's question" from metaphysical position is not valid, we will try to approach the problem through Hegel's dialectical-speculative method – as the Simone de Beauvoir did. However, we are fully aware of how Hegel’s splitting of customary substantiality positions a woman into a family and thus absolutizes biological gender differences on a legal level. Blaženka Despot in her comprehensive analysis of Hegel states the problems that feminists face when trying to overcome Hegel's phenomenology. Despot also detects the weak points of Hegel's philosophy. Simone de Beauvoir in her two-volume book The Other Sex states numerous examples that we can understand as "traps" that a woman falls into due to the social conditioning of her own gender, but also the injustices she encounters with during her life solely for the sake of her own gender. In the discussion Troubles with Gender, Judith Butler emphasizes the impossibility of actualizing women's emancipation in a given socio-political framework, because the political structures that create the female subject also determine its developmental direction. Furthermore, Jasenka Kordnja and Lino Veljak in their analyzes problematize the illusion of universality of the concept of a man and the consequences that arise from it. Finally, Simone de Beauvoir, relying on an existentialist approach to reality, offers potential solutions for the "female departure" from being inscribed in the category of "otherness."

• Keywords: egzistencijalizam; feminizam; rod; spol; kategorija „drugosti“; Drugo; žensko pitanje
• Keywords (english): existentialism; feminism; gender; sex; category of otherness; other; women's issue
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:131:899642
• Study programme: Title: Philosophy (single major); specializations in: Research; Course: Research; Study programme type: university; Study level: graduate; Academic / professional title: magistar/magistra filozofije (magistar/magistra filozofije)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Repository: ODRAZ
• Created on: 2021-10-08 20:51:19