Sestrinska skrb za onkološkog bolesnika adolescentske dobi

master's thesis

• Title (english): Nurisng care of adolescent oncological patients
• Author: Ivana Jozak Haludek
• Mentor: Đurđica Kašuba Lazić (mentor)
• Committee member: Stanislava Stojanović-Špehar (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Venija Cerovečki Nekić (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Đurđica Kašuba Lazić (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; School of Medicine; (Department of Family Medicine); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2018-09-18, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE; Public Health and Health Care; Family Medicine

Abstract

Liječenje adolescenata s malignim oboljenjem složen je i dugotrajan proces koji traje od nekoliko mjeseci ili ponekad godina uz perzistirajuće relapse bolesti. Utvrđivanje prioriteta započinje postavljanjem dijagnoze, stoga je sudjelovanje bolesnika u planiranju zdravstvene njege i u samozbrinjavanju od velike važnosti kako bi se očuvalo dostojanstvo i samopoštovanje. Mlade osobe u tom periodu života vrlo često su zbunjene i uplašene, a posebno kada obole od teških malignih bolesti prolaze kroz izuzetno teške životne situacije. Javlja se ljutnja i žalost zbog prekida uobičajenog načina života i promjena životnih planova. Sestrinska skrb za takve bolesnike podrazumijeva interaktivan odnos u procesu liječenja. Naglasak skrbi je na holističkom pristupu, posebno što se doba adolescencije smatra dinamičnim razvojnim periodom. Psihološki prostor je nestabilan ponajviše zato što je status adolescenta dvojak: djelom su djeca, a djelom odrasli. Prolazeći razne faze adolescencije mladi nastoje upoznati sami sebe i prihvatiti stanje u kojem se nalaze. Oboljeli adolescenti često mijenjaju sliku o sebi zbog situacije u kojoj su se našli, te nastoje balansirati između okoline i sebe. Vrlo važno je uspostavit odnos povjerenja i sigurnosti s oboljelim adolescentom i njegovom obitelji. Nakon postavljanja dijagnoze, adolescenti koji su do jučer živjeli uobičajenim mladenačkim životom iznenada se nađu u životnoj opasnosti. Nagle promjene u njihovim životima nastoje kompenzirati kroz mnoge obrambene mehanizme, a ukoliko ih ne uspiju nadvladati dolazi do emocionalnih i psihičkih poremećaja koji mogu ostaviti dugotrajne posljedice ako se na vrijeme ne prepoznaju. Primjenom agresivnih oblika terapije dolazi i do narušavanja vanjskog izgleda kod bolesnika, što dodatno narušava samopercepciju bolesnika. Osim multidisciplinarnog tima koji sudjeluje u liječenju adolescenata roditelji imaju ključnu ulogu u podržavanju svog djeteta da prevlada bolest sa što manje negativnih posljedica. Razgovor o bolesti unutar obitelji povezan je s manjim rizikom za nastanak depresivnih poremećaja kod adolescenata i jačanjem samopouzdanja, kao i sa smanjenim strahom od terapijskih postupaka. Uz roditelje i obitelj, podrška prijatelja i kontakt s vršnjacima koji su već preboljeli bolest od velike je važnosti. Brojna istraživanja idu k tome u prilog, dokazano je da optimistični bolesnici uspješnije podnose proces liječenja, te je oporavak od bolesti znatno uspješniji i brži.

Abstract (english)

Treating malignant diseases in adolescents is a complex and long-term process that lasts several months or sometimes years with persistent of disease relapse. Determining priorities begins with detecting a diagnosis, therefore the participation of patients in planning health care and self-care is of great importance in order to preserve dignity and self-esteem. Young people in this period of life are often confused and frightened, especially when fall ill of severe malignant diseases, pass through extremely difficult life situations. It appears an anxiety and sadness due to the interruption of habitual lifestyle and changes in life plans. Nurse care for such patients means an interactive relationship in the treatment process. The emphasis of care is on a holistic approach, especially because the age of adolescence is considered a dynamic developmental period. Psychological space is unstable most of all because the status of an adolescents is double: one part are children and the other are adults. Passing through the various stages of adolescence young people try to get to know themselves and to accept the condition in which they are. Ill adolescents often change their image of themselves because of the situation they found themselves and try to balance between the environment and themselves. It is very important to establish a relationship of trust and safeness with ill adolescent and his/her family. After diagnosed, adolescents who lived their youthful lives until yesterday suddenly find themselves in a life-threatening situation. Sudden changes in their lives tends to compensate through many defensive mechanisms, and if they fail to overcome, occurs emotional and psychological disorders that can leave long-lasting consequences if they do not recognize it in time. Using aggressive forms of therapy results in distortion of outside appearance of the patient, which additionally disturbs the self-perception of the patient. In addition to the multidisciplinary team involved in treating adolescents, parents have a key role to play in supporting their child to overcome the disease with the less negative effects as possible. Discussion about the disease within the family is associated with a lower risk of developing depressive disorders in adolescents and strengthening self-confidence as well as with reduced fear of therapeutic procedures. In addition to parents and family, support of friends and contact with peers who have already overcome the disease is of great importance. Numerous researches are in support of this, it has been proved that optimistic patients are more successful in the treatment process, and recovery from disease is much more successful and faster.

• Keywords: liječenje; adolescent; bolesnik; skrb; maligna oboljenja
• Keywords (english): treatment; adolescent; patient; care; malignant diseases
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:105:363448
• Study programme: Title: Studies in Nursing; Study programme type: university; Study level: graduate; Academic / professional title: magistar/magistra sestrinstva (magistar/magistra sestrinstva)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Repository: Dr Med - University of Zagreb School of Medicine Digital Repository
• Created on: 2019-03-07 09:29:57