Euroazijski ris (Lynx lynx L.) u Hrvatskoj 50 godina nakon njegove reintrodukcije

undergraduate thesis

• Title (english): Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx L.) in Croatia 50 years after its reintroduction
• Author: Iva Hunjak
• Mentor: Josip Margaletić (mentor)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology; (Institute of Forest Protection and Wildlife Management); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2021-03-09, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOTECHNICAL SCIENCES; Forestry; Urban Forestry and Nature Conservation

Abstract

Euroazijski ris je jedna od tri velike zvijeri koje obitavaju na području Republike Hrvatske. One čine važnu sastavnicu biološke raznolikosti i nalaze se na vrhu hranidbenog lanca kopnenih ekoloških sustava. Uloga predatora stavlja ih u konflikt s čovjekom što je rezultiralo ugroženošću ovih vrsta. Jedan od najugroženijih sisavaca Hrvatske je euroazijski ris (Lynx lynx). Danas su poznate četiri vrste risa – kanadski i crvenodlaki ris koji žive na području Sjeverne Amerike i euroazijski i iberijski ris koji obitavaju na Europskom kontinentu. Euroazijski je ris rasprostranjen u šumovitim brdsko-planinskim područjima Dinarida od hrvatsko-slovenske granice na sjeverozapadu do hrvatsko-bosanskohercegovačke granice na jugoistoku. Euroazijski ris je najveća vrsta iz roda risova. On je specijalizirani predator koji se hrani isključivo mesom, a glavni plijen risa čine parnoprstaši poput srne (Capreolus capreolus), jelena (Cervus elaphus) i divokoze (Rupicarpa rupicarpa). Ris je teritorijalna životinja koja živi samotnjačkim načinom života što regulira gustoću populacije. Osnovni čimbenici staništa koji uvjetuju rasprostranjenost risa su dostupnost hrane, pokrivenost staništa vegetacijom i stupanj utjecaja čovjeka. U posljednjih nekoliko stoljeća veliki broj vrsta mesoždera drastično se smanjio. Ova je situacija izravna ili neizravna posljedice ljudske aktivnosti. Veći dio procesa izumiranja risa u Europi dogodio se do početka 19. stoljeća. U dinarskoj populaciji risa, glavni uzrok izumiranja u Europi u 19. stoljeću bila je prvenstveno fragmentacija i loši uvjeti prehrane u staništu risa, a lov je kao faktor vjerojatno bio sporedan u izumiranju lokalnih populacija. 1973. godine ponovno je uvedena populacija risa na područje Dinarida kad je ispušteno 6 jedinki iz Slovačke. Populacija se proširila u smjeru sjeverozapada, prema Italiji i Alpama, ali i prema jugoistoku, prema Bosni i Hercegovini. Devedesetih je godina ris bio prisutan u jugozapadnoj polovici Slovenije pa sve do zapadnih planina Bosne na jugoistoku. Danas je populacija risa u Alpama i Dinaridima u padu i strogo je zaštićena na cijelom području. Ta je populacija mala i izolirana, što je čini ranjivom na čimbenike koji mogu značajno smanjiti njihovu održivost. Od 2017. godine u Hrvatskoj i Sloveniji provodi se međunarodni projekt LIFE Lynx kojem je glavni cilj opravak genetske raznolikosti populacije kao i postavljanje temelja za održivo upravljanje populacijom.

Abstract (english)

The Eurasian lynx is one of the three large carnivores that inhabit the territory of Croatia. They are an important component of biodiversity and are at the top of the food chain of terrestrial ecosystems. The role of predators puts them in conflict with man resulting in the endangerment of these species. One of the most endangered mammals in Croatia is the Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx). Today, four species of lynx are known - the Canadian and red-haired lynx that live in North America and the Eurasian and Iberian lynx that live on the European continent. The Eurasian lynx is widespread in the forested hilly and mountainous areas of the Dinarides from the Croatian-Slovenian border in the northwest to the Croatian-Bosnian-Herzegovinian border in the southeast. The Eurasian lynx is the largest species of the lynx genus. It is a specialized predator that feeds exclusively on meat, and the main prey of lynx consists of eventoed ungulates (Capreolus capreolus), deer (Cervus elaphus) and chamois (Rupicarpa rupicarpa). The lynx is a territorial animal that lives a solitary lifestyle that regulates population density. The main habitat factors that determine the distribution of lynx are the availability of food, the coverage of the habitat with vegetation and the degree of human impact. In the last few centuries, a large number of carnivorous species have declined drastically. This situation is a direct or indirect consequence of human activity. Much of the lynx extinction process in Europe occurred by the early 19th century. In the Dinaric lynx population, the main cause of extinction in 19th century Europe was primarily fragmentation and poor feeding conditions in the lynx habitat, and hunting as a factor was probably secondary to the extinction of local populations. In 1973, the lynx population was reintroduced to the Dinarides when 6 individuals from Slovakia were released. The population spread in the direction of the northwest, towards Italy and the Alps, but also towards the southeast, towards Bosnia and Herzegovina. In the 1990s, lynx was present in the southwestern half of Slovenia all the way to the western mountains of Bosnia in the southeast. Today, the lynx population in the Alps and Dinarides is declining and is strictly protected throughout the area. This population is small and isolated, making it vulnerable to factors that can significantly reduce their viability. Since 2017, the international LIFE Lynx project has been implemented in Croatia and Slovenia, the main goal of which is to repair the genetic diversity.

• Keywords: ris; Lynx lynx; reintrodukcija; LIFE Lynx; dinarska populacija risa
• Keywords (english): Eurasian lynx; Lynx lynx; reintroduction; Dinaric lynx population; LIFE Lynx
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:108:669322
• Study programme: Title: Urban Forestry, Nature Conservation and Environment Protection; Study programme type: university; Study level: undergraduate; Academic / professional title: sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) inženjer/inženjerka urbanog šumarstva zaštita prirode i okoliša (sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) inženjer/inženjerka urbanog šumarstva zaštita prirode i okoliša)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Repository: University of Zagreb Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology
• Created on: 2021-09-01 08:29:12