Mala aksijalna turbina organskoga Rankineovoga ciklusa

master's thesis

• Title (english): Small axial turbine of organic Rankine cycle
• Author: Šimun Kastrapeli
• Mentor: Zvonimir Guzović (mentor)
• Committee member: Hrvoje Kozmar (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Zvonimir Guzović (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Hrvoje Jasak (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Vladimir Soldo (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture; Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2022-04-01, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: TECHNICAL SCIENCES; Mechanical Engineering; Process Energy Engineering

Abstract

Energetska kriza izazvana smanjenjem rezervi fosilnih goriva, dramatične fluktuacije njihove cijene, kao i problemi okoliša uslijed globalnog zatopljenja, su izazov za održivi razvoj čovječanstva. Stoga se u posljednjim desetljećima značajno povećalo zanimanje za korištenjem obnovljivih, srednje i niskotemperaturnih energetskih izvora kao što sunčeva energija, geotermalna energije, biomasa, toplinska energija mora i oceana, te otpadna toplina različitih inustrijskih postrojenja i procesa, npr. petrokemijska postrojenja, ispušni plinovi iz plinskih turbina i motora s unutrarnjim izgaranjem. Za proizvodnju mehaničkog rada pri nižim tlakovima i temperaturama u prvi plan dolazi organski Rankineov ciklus (ORC). Posebnu perspektivu imaju ORC jedinice mikro i male snage za decentraliziranu proizvodnju električne energije. Važna komponenta svakog ORC-a je ekspander koji može biti volumni ili turboekspander.
U ovom je radu za motor s unutarnjim izgaranjem na bioplin predložena toplinska shema ORC-a kao donjeg ciklusa u kojem se iskorištava otpadna toplina. Zbog važnosti odabira radnog fluida kao i ekspandera na rad ORC-a, za pet odabranih organskih radnih fluida proračunate su termodinmičke karakteristike ciklusa kao i termodinamički i aerodinamički proračun ORC turbine.
Za ORC turbinu koja daje najbolje termodinamičke i aerodinamičke karakteristike oblikovani su profili statorskih i rotorskih lopatica svih stupnjeva te izrađen crtež uzdužnog presjeka ORC turbine.

Abstract (english)

The energy crisis caused by the reduction of fossil fuel reserves, dramatic fluctuations in their price, as well as environmental problems due to global warming, are a challenge to the sustainable development of mankind. Therefore, in recent decades there has been a significant increase in interest in the use of renewable, medium and low temperature energy sources such as solar, geothermal, biomass, marine and ocean heat, and waste heat from various industrial plants and processes, such as petrochemical plants, exhaust gases from gas turbines and internal combustion engines. The organic Rankine cycle (ORC) comes to the fore for the production of mechanical work at lower pressures and temperatures. Micro and small power ORC units for decentralized electricity generation have a special perspective. An important component of any ORC is an expander that can be a volume or turboexpander.
In this paper, for a biogas internal combustion engine, the ORC thermal scheme is proposed as a lower cycle in which waste heat is utilized. Due to the importance of the selection of the working fluid as well as the expander for the operation of the ORC, the thermodynamic characteristics of the cycle as well as the thermodynamic and aerodynamic calculation of the ORC turbine were calculated for the five selected organic working fluids.
For the ORC turbine which gives the best thermodynamic and aerodynamic characteristics, the profiles of the stator and rotor blades of all stages were designed and the drawing of the longitudinal section of the ORC turbine was made.

• Keywords: turbina; organski Rankineov ciklus; ORC; ekspander
• Keywords (english): turbine; organic Rankine cycle; ORC; expander
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:235:067095
• Study programme: Title: Mechanical Engineering; specializations in: Design, Process and Energy Engineering, Production Engineering, Engineering Modelling and Computer Simulation, Marine Engineering, Industrial Engineering and Management, Materials Engineering, Mechatronics and Robotics, Autonomous Systems; Course: Process and Energy Engineering; Study programme type: university; Study level: graduate; Academic / professional title: magistar/magistra inženjer/inženjerka strojarstva (magistar/magistra inženjer/inženjerka strojarstva)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Repository: Repository of Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture University of Zagreb
• Created on: 2022-03-29 15:04:05